A tram-train system to connect the urban area of Cosenza to its province: A simulation model of transport demand modal split and a territorial analysis to identify adapted transit oriented development prospects

International audienceThe purpose of this paper is to study possible prospects of regional development and of public transport demand evolution, resulting in the implementation of a new tramtrain service to suburban and a tramway for urban area of Cosenza and Rende and for municipalities of Savuto valley, in the southern Italian region of Calabria. This is an area that in recent decades has seen significant phenomena of urban de‐population, with consequent problems of urban sprawl into neighbouring small cities and land consumption. The mobility system is heavily focused on the use of private cars as the main and often the only way to travel; causing obvious problems of traffic congestionand poor urban quality of life for citizens. The modern tramway system project, next to be realized, will connect the urban area of Cosenza and Rende with the University of Calabria. It is a first important structural intervention that will hopefully help to significantly increase public transport modal share and to promote implementation of Transit Oriented Development policies, properly adapted to that specific territory. The decision to adopt such a narrow gauge tramway line, allows to consider the prospect of actually integrating this service with a tramtrain system linking Rogliano and municipalities of Savuto valley, with the urban area, using existing narrow gauge railways of Ferrovie della Calabria (main regional train operators). With this purpose was developed a transport demand simulation model, using the Tranus system, to estimate the evolution of the transport demand modal split in that area, caused by such changes in the mobility system. Through a spatial analysis were showed bsome areas that might be interested by interventions of urban renewal and regeneration, with greater access to public transport services and Transit Oriented Development policies. Results of this analysis and the simulation model will be presented and discussed in detail in this paper

Modeling Urban Dynamics using LUTI Models: Calibration Methodology for the Tranus-Based Model of the Grenoble Urban Region

International audienceThis paper describes the calibration process of a land use and transport integrated (LUTI) Tranus based model of the urban agglomeration of Grenoble (France). In particular, for several parameters related to floor-space, we applied a semi-automatic process for calibration. We begin with an overview of the model's structure and next we define data and calibration methodology of the land use part. Further, we describe and place in the public domain the algorithms and methodologies that we developed. We are particularly interested in demand functions for housing and " substitution " functions that capture the trade-offs that households make between housing type and price. We created tools based on non-linear optimization and curve fitting that make calibration easier, more robust, faster than typical manual approach and transferable to other study areas. Finally, we discuss the trade-off between over-fitting and minimizing error in predictions of the observed data on housing consumption

How to Build an Alternative to Sprawl and Auto-centric Development Model through a TOD Scenario for the North-Pas-de-Calais Region? Lessons from an Integrated Transportation-land Use Modelling

International audienceThis paper discusses results of an integrated land use and transport modelling, carried out for the territory of the French region of North-Pas-de-Calais using the software Tranus. The interest of this research was to simulate, test and evaluate impacts of a Transit Oriented Development regional plan, using the LUTI modelling tool. Therefore were analyzed evolution of transport demand modal share and dynamics of real estate market and of localization choices of population and activities. TOD is a model of urban development that promotes high quality, mixed and multi-functional densification, located in proximity of transit nodes and corridors, with priority to non-motorized mobility and with the aim to reduce land consumption and car dependency. Multiple TOD examples can be found at urban and metropolitan scale, with different characteristics depending on the socio-economic and territorial contexts, while rarer are interventions at a regional scale. Therefore this research aim to analyze the application of a TOD regional plan, applied to a specific group of regional railway nodes and corridors, selected for their TOD potential. Results showed that some rail corridors initially selected, clearly confirmed their TOD potential and that TOD effects are more evident in areas with good basic levels of attractiveness and of economic dynamism. Furthermore, if policy of densification clearly contributes to concentrate residential demand in urban zones and to limit urban sprawl, further incentives has to be organized in favor of transit use. More interesting effects are in fact found by simulating transit integrated tariff policies between regional train and bus services, as well as interventions discouraging car use, in addiction to TOD urban configurations

UNO SCENARIO DI TOD PER LA REGIONE DEL NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS. INSEGNAMENTI DI UNA MODELLIZZAZIONE INTEGRATA DI USO DEL SUOLO E DEI TRASPORTI.

This thesis discuss the theme of integration and articulation between urban and transportation planning, with the aim of evaluate and studyi the sense and potentialities of the application of a Regional Plan for Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. In this regard we have chosen to use the tool of land use and transport integrated modeling (LUTI), and in particular the integrated simulation software Tranus, to implement a model which could answer to several research questions.We propose in this paper an integrated, inclusive and interactive perspective about problems and issues concerning land-use and transport policies at a regional level. A multidisciplinary and multi-scalar approach, following the principles of interdependence between all different elements of the territory, which is found in the concept of "networked city" of Dupuy. The aim is to address the themes of mobility and transport, according to a new paradigm, based on the concepts of accessibility, connectivity and multi-modality and therefore according to the idea of an urbanism and a development oriented to transit and non-motorized transport, rather than car-oriented. The thesis is part of a phd research in urban and transportation planning, held at the University of Science and Technology of Lille 1, through a joint supervision between the Laboratoire Ville Mobilité et Transport (LVMT - IFSTTAR) and the University of Calabria (Italy) and a scientific collaboration with Venezuelan engineering firm Modelistica.Dans cette thèse sera traité le thème de l’intégration et de l’articulation entre urbanisme et transport, avec le but d’évaluer et étudier le sens de l’application d’un plan régional de Transit Oriented Development (TOD) ou d’urbanisme des transports en commun en Nord-Pas-de-Calais. À cet égard nous avons fait le choix d’utiliser l’outil de la modélisation intégrée d’usage du sol et transport et notamment le logiciel de simulation Tranus, pour implémenter un modèle de simulation capable de répondre aux plusieurs questionnements à la base de cette recherche.On propose dans ce texte une perspective intégrée, inclusive et interactive sur les problématiques et les enjeux qui concernent les politiques d’usage du sol et des transports à l’échelle d’une région. Selon une approche multidisciplinaire et multi-échelle, qui suit les principes d’interdépendances entre les nombreux éléments du territoire, que l’on retrouve dans l’urbanisme des réseaux. Il s’agit d’aborder les thématiques de la mobilité et des transports, selon un nouveau paradigme, basé sur les concepts d’accessibilité, de connectivité et de multi-modalité et donc selon l’idée de concevoir un urbanisme et un développement non plus auto-centré, mais orientés vers l’usage des transports en commun et des modes de transport non motorisés. La thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un travail de recherche doctorale en aménagement et transport, déroulé à l’Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1 à travers une cotutelle entre le Laboratoire Ville Mobilité et Transport (LVMT – IFSTTAR) et l’Université de Calabre (Italie) et une collaboration scientifique avec le bureau d’étude d’ingénierie Vénézuélien Modelistica

A TOD scenario for the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region : lessons of an integrated transport-land use modeling

Dans cette thèse sera traité le thème de l’intégration et de l’articulation entre urbanisme et transport, avec le but d’évaluer et étudier le sens de l’application d’un plan régional de Transit Oriented Development (TOD) ou d’urbanisme des transports en commun en Nord-Pas-de-Calais. À cet égard nous avons fait le choix d’utiliser l’outil de la modélisation intégrée d’usage du sol et transport et notamment le logiciel de simulation Tranus, pour implémenter un modèle de simulation capable de répondre aux plusieurs questionnements à la base de cette recherche.On propose dans ce texte une perspective intégrée, inclusive et interactive sur les problématiques et les enjeux qui concernent les politiques d’usage du sol et des transports à l’échelle d’une région. Selon une approche multidisciplinaire et multi-échelle, qui suit les principes d’interdépendances entre les nombreux éléments du territoire, que l’on retrouve dans l’urbanisme des réseaux. Il s’agit d’aborder les thématiques de la mobilité et des transports, selon un nouveau paradigme, basé sur les concepts d’accessibilité, de connectivité et de multimodalité et donc selon l’idée de concevoir un urbanisme et un développement non plus auto-centré, mais orientés vers l’usage des transports en commun et des modes de transport non motorisés. La thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un travail de recherche doctorale en aménagement et transport, déroulé à l’Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1 à travers une cotutelle entre le Laboratoire Ville Mobilité et Transport (LVMT – IFSTTAR) et l’Université de Calabre (Italie) et une collaboration scientifique avec le bureau d’étude d’ingénierie Vénézuélien Modelistica.This thesis discuss the theme of integration and articulation between urban and transportation planning, with the aim of evaluate and studyi the sense and potentialities of the application of a Regional Plan for Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. In this regard we have chosen to use the tool of land use and transport integrated modeling (LUTI), and in particular the integrated simulation software Tranus, to implement a model which could answer to several research questions.We propose in this paper an integrated, inclusive and interactive perspective about problems and issues concerning land-use and transport policies at a regional level. A multidisciplinary and multi-scalar approach, following the principles of interdependence between all different elements of the territory, which is found in the concept of "networked city" of Dupuy. The aim is to address the themes of mobility and transport, according to a new paradigm, based on the concepts of accessibility, connectivity and multimodality and therefore according to the idea of an urbanism and a development oriented to transit and non-motorized transport, rather than car-oriented. The thesis is part of a phd research in urban and transportation planning, held at the University of Science and Technology of Lille 1, through a joint supervision between the Laboratoire Ville MObilité et Transport (LVMT - IFSTTAR) and the University of Calabria (Italy) and a scientific collaboration with Venezuelan engineering firm Modelistica

Evidences of communicating vessels principle in results of a regional land use and transport integrated modeling application

International audienceThis article presents part of results obtained from an integrated land use and transport regional modeling, using the simulation software Tranus. Specifically, this research aimed to analyze effects of a regional Transit Oriented Development plan, applied to the French region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais, with reference to the evolution of modal share between private car and public transport and of residential and activity location dynamics.In particular the model has provided results that show the existence of a system of mutual interdependence in transport modal share evolution. This interaction entails the activation of a substitution effect in transport demand distribution, as a consequence of the application of interventions discouraging car use and reinforcing public transport supply performance. Furthermore we also observed some evidences referable to a process proper of the physical principle of communicating vessels. In particular the increase over simulation times of modal share related to public transport, resulting in the application of TOD policies, produces in some zones of the model, a progressive desaturation and decongestion of the road network and therefore a gradual return of attractiveness for private cars. This phenomenon of communicating vessels related to transport demand evolution, indicates the presence of a permanent state of tension in modal share, depending on some particular factors (segment of demand; temporal and territorial context; structure of transport network) and generally tending to a temporary equilibrium.These results invite therefore to observe how policies that promote and encourage the use of public transport may have, in some particular contexts, controversial effects and sometimes contrary to expectations, especially in the long term.The article explains the principles behind the research that have allowed achieving these results, analyzing causes and consequences related to the observation of the phenomenon of communicating vessels applied to dynamics of mobility and transport.Cet article présente une partie des résultats obtenus à partir d'une modélisation intégrée d'usage du sol et des transports à l'échelle d'une région, en utilisant le logiciel de simulation Tranus. Plus précisément, le travail visait à analyser les effets d'un plan régional de Transit Oriented Development, appliqué à la région française du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, en référence à l'évolution de la répartition modale entre voiture privée et transports en commun et des dynamiques de localisation résidentielle et des activités. En particulier, le modèle donne des résultats qui montrent l'existence d'un système d'interdépendance mutuelle dans l'évolution des parts modales. Cette interaction entraîne l'activation d'un effet de substitution dans la distribution de la demande de transport, comme conséquence de l'application d'interventions défavorables à l'utilisation des voitures et de renforcement des performances relatives à l'offre de transport en commun. En outre nous avons observé quelques évidences attribuables à un processus correspondant au principe des vases communicants. En particulier à la fin de la simulation l'augmentation de la part modale liée aux transports en commun, résultant de l'application des politiques de TOD, a produit dans certaines zones du modèle, une désaturation et décongestion progressive du réseau routier et donc un retour progressif d'attractivité pour la voiture. Ce phénomène de vases communicants lié à l'évolution de la demande de transport, indique la présence d'un état de tension permanente dans le processus de répartition modale, qui se révèle en fonction de certains facteurs particuliers (segments de demande concernés; contexte temporel et territorial; structure du réseau de transport) et généralement tendant à un équilibre temporaire. Ces résultats démontrent la pertinence du modèle implémenté et sa capacité de reproduire des dynamiques complexes ; en invitant également à observer comment des politiques qu'encouragent l'utilisation des transports en commun peuvent avoir, dans certains contextes particuliers, des effets controversés et parfois contraires aux attentes, en particulier dans le long terme. L'article explique les principes à la base de la recherche, qui ont permis ces résultats, en analysant les causes et les conséquences relatives à l'observation du phénomène de vases communicants appliqué aux dynamiques de mobilité et transports